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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hōshi</span></h1>
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<p><b>Hōshi</b> (<a href="Japanische_Schrift" title="Japanische Schrift">jap.</a> <span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">法師</span>) ist ein <a href="Japan" title="Japan">japanisches</a> Gasthaus (<a href="Ryokan" title="Ryokan">Ryokan</a>) in Awazu-<a href="Onsen" title="Onsen">Onsen</a>, <a href="Komatsu_(Ishikawa)" title="Komatsu (Ishikawa)">Komatsu</a>, <a href="Pr%C3%A4fektur_Ishikawa" title="Präfektur Ishikawa">Präfektur Ishikawa</a>. 718 gegründet, befindet es sich seit 46 Generationen im Familienbesitz und ist somit eines der ältesten <a href="Familienunternehmen" title="Familienunternehmen">Familienunternehmen</a> der Welt.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>
<p>718 (<a href="Y%C5%8Dr%C5%8D_(%C3%84ra)" title="Yōrō (Ära)">Yōrō</a> 2) kam Zengorō I. (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">善五郎</span>), als Mönch (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">法師</span>, <i>hōshi</i>) mit dem Ordensnamen Garyō (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">雅亮</span>), mit seinem Lehrmeister und Gründer des <a href="Haku-san" title="Haku-san">Haku-san</a>-Kultes <a href="Taich%C5%8D" title="Taichō">Taichō</a> nach Awazu. Taichō zeigte den Dorfbewohnern eine heiße Quelle (Onsen) unter ihrem Dorf, die unheilbare Krankheiten heilen kann, und wies seinen Schüler an, ein Heilbad an dieser Quelle zu eröffnen.<sup id="cite_ref-Geschichte_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>990 (<a href="Sh%C5%8Dryaku" title="Shōryaku">Shōryaku</a> 1), unter Zengorō X., kam der abgedankte <a href="Tenn%C5%8D" title="Tennō">Tennō</a> <a href="Kazan_(Tenn%C5%8D)" title="Kazan (Tennō)">Kazan</a> auf dem Weg zu dem von Taichō gegründeten Tempel Nata-dera vorbei, machte Rast im Hōshi und kam später auch öfter wieder.
</p><p>Im 15. Jahrhundert während der Zeit von Zengorō XXVII. versteckte sich hier der Mönch <a href="Rennyo" title="Rennyo">Rennyo</a> als Koch.<sup id="cite_ref-Geschichte_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1640 (Kan’ei 17) wurde in Erinnerung des Besuchs des Kōmon<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Minister) und früheren <a href="Daimy%C5%8D" title="Daimyō">Daimyō</a> von Kaga, Maeda Toshitsune, die Kōmon-Kiefer (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">黄門杉</span>, <i>Kōmon-sugi</i>) am Eingang gepflanzt.<sup id="cite_ref-Geschichte_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Der Garten des Hōshi wurde während der Zeit von Zengorō XXXIII. von dem Daimyō von Ōmi-Komuro, Teezeremoniemeister, Architekt und Gartenbauer <a href="Kobori_Ensh%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobori Enshū">Kobori Enshū</a> geschaffen.<sup id="cite_ref-Geschichte_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geschichte-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1987 wurde es Mitglied in der <a href="Association_les_H%C3%A9nokiens" title="Association les Hénokiens">Association les Hénokiens</a>, einer Vereinigung von Familienunternehmen mit mindestens 200-jähriger Geschichte.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mit der Liquidation des Bauunternehmens <a href="Kong%C5%8D_Gumi" title="Kongō Gumi">Kongō Gumi</a> im Jahr 2006 galt es als das älteste Familienunternehmen Japans.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zudem zeichnete das <a href="Guinness-Buch_der_Rekorde" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness-Buch der Rekorde">Guinness-Buch der Rekorde</a> es als ältestes Gasthaus der Welt aus,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> verlor diesen Titel aber 2011 an das 705 gegründete Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan in Hayakawa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine Ausstellung der Universität Pisa benennt es als das älteste derzeit noch bestehende Familienunternehmen der Welt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>William T. O’Hara: <cite style="font-style:italic">Inn for All Ages: Hoshi Ryokan</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Centuries of Success: Lessons from the World’s Most Enduring Family Business</cite>. Adams Media, 2004, ISBN 1-58062-937-7, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>17–32</span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=AA3v2f6X1L8C&amp;pg=PA17#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:H%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.atitle=Inn+for+All+Ages%3A+Hoshi+Ryokan&amp;rft.au=William+T.+O%E2%80%99Hara&amp;rft.btitle=Centuries+of+Success%3A+Lessons+from+the+World%E2%80%99s+Most+Enduring+Family+Business&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1580629377&amp;rft.pages=17-32&amp;rft.pub=Adams+Media" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="Anm.">
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kōmon (<span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">黄門</span>) ist eine chinesische Bezeichnung, wie sie im japanischen <a href="Mito_(Han)" title="Mito (Han)">Mito</a>-<a href="Han_(Japan)" title="Han (Japan)">han</a> verwendet wurde, für den Posten des Chūnagon.</span>
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</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ho-shi.co.jp/">Website des Unternehmens</a> (japanisch, englisch)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/114869558">Kurzer Dokumentarfilm über die Familie Hōshi von 2014</a> (japanisch, deutsch)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Geschichte-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Geschichte_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120129122513/http://www.ho-shi.co.jp/history.html"><i><span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">法師の歴史</span>.</i></a> Hōshi, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ho-shi.co.jp%2Fhistory.html">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">29.&nbsp;Januar 2012</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 16.&nbsp;Januar 2012</span> (japanisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AH%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20120129122513%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ho-shi.co.jp%2Fhistory.html&amp;rft.publisher=H%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.source=http://www.ho-shi.co.jp/history.html&amp;rft.language=ja">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210042824/http://www.ho-shi.co.jp/jiten/Houshi_E/whatles.htm"><i>What is Les Heinokiens?</i></a> Ryokan Hōshi, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ho-shi.co.jp%2Fjiten%2FHoushi_E%2Fwhatles.htm">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">10.&nbsp;Februar 2009</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 22.&nbsp;November 2008</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AH%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.title=What+is+Les+Heinokiens%3F&amp;rft.description=What+is+Les+Heinokiens%3F&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090210042824%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ho-shi.co.jp%2Fjiten%2FHoushi_E%2Fwhatles.htm&amp;rft.publisher=Ryokan+H%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.source=http://www.ho-shi.co.jp/jiten/Houshi_E/whatles.htm&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Toshio Goto: <cite style="font-style:italic">Longevity of Japanese family firms</cite>. In: Panikkos Zata Poutziouris, Kosmas X. Smyrnios, Sabine B. Klein (Hrsg.): <cite style="font-style:italic">Handbook of Research on Family Business</cite>. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84542-410-7 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=tJJ6Mf6jakwC&amp;pg=PA520#v=onepage">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:H%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.atitle=Longevity+of+Japanese+family+firms&amp;rft.au=Toshio+Goto&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Research+on+Family+Business&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9781845424107&amp;rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091121091421/http://www.ho-shi.co.jp/html/rekishi.html"><i><span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">法師の歴史</span>.</i></a> Hōshi, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ho-shi.co.jp%2Fhtml%2Frekishi.html">Original</a></span> (nicht mehr online verfügbar) am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">21.&nbsp;November 2009</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 16.&nbsp;Januar 2012</span> (japanisch, französisch, Guinness-Urkunde vom 22. November 19xx): „Il [Zengorō XLVI. Hōshi] est propiétaire de la plus vieille auberge du monde, à Awazu, Japon, qui existe depuis 1200 ans.“</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AH%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20091121091421%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ho-shi.co.jp%2Fhtml%2Frekishi.html&amp;rft.publisher=H%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.source=http://www.ho-shi.co.jp/html/rekishi.html&amp;rft.language=ja fr">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111035545/http://www.keiunkan.co.jp/00_top/guinness.html"><i><span lang="ja-Jpan" class="Jpan">山梨県 西山温泉 全館源泉掛け流しの宿 慶雲館</span>.</i></a> Keiunkan, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keiunkan.co.jp%2F00_top%2Fguinness.html">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">11.&nbsp;November 2012</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Dezember 2012</span> (englisch, Guinness-Urkunde vom 11. Februar 2011).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AH%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.title=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E7%9C%8C%E3%80%80%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E3%80%80%E5%85%A8%E9%A4%A8%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%89%E6%8E%9B%E3%81%91%E6%B5%81%E3%81%97%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%BF%E3%80%80%E6%85%B6%E9%9B%B2%E9%A4%A8%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.description=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja-Jpan%22+class%3D%22Jpan%22%3E%E5%B1%B1%E6%A2%A8%E7%9C%8C%E3%80%80%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%B1%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E3%80%80%E5%85%A8%E9%A4%A8%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%89%E6%8E%9B%E3%81%91%E6%B5%81%E3%81%97%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%BF%E3%80%80%E6%85%B6%E9%9B%B2%E9%A4%A8%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20121111035545%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.keiunkan.co.jp%2F00_top%2Fguinness.html&amp;rft.publisher=Keiunkan&amp;rft.source=http://www.keiunkan.co.jp/00_top/guinness.html&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915143529/http://www.mastermafab.it/secoliazienda.htm"><i>The world’s oldest family companies.</i></a> Università di Pisa, Formazione Avanzata Economia, archiviert vom <span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mastermafab.it%2Fsecoliazienda.htm">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">15.&nbsp;September 2008</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 12.&nbsp;Oktober 2008</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AH%C5%8Dshi&amp;rft.title=The+world%E2%80%99s+oldest+family+companies&amp;rft.description=The+world%E2%80%99s+oldest+family+companies&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20080915143529%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.mastermafab.it%2Fsecoliazienda.htm&amp;rft.publisher=Universit%C3%A0+di+Pisa%2C+Formazione+Avanzata+Economia&amp;rft.source=http://www.mastermafab.it/secoliazienda.htm&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<p><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">36.331698</span><span class="longitude">136.448109</span><span class="elevation"></span></span><span id="coordinates" class="coordinates -print"><span title="Koordinatensystem WGS84">Koordinaten: </span><a class="external text" href="geo:36.331698,136.448109"><span title="Breitengrad">36°&nbsp;19′&nbsp;54,1″&nbsp;<abbr title="Nord">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">136°&nbsp;26′&nbsp;53,2″&nbsp;<abbr title="Ost">O</abbr></span></a></span>
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